Magic Squares in Islamic literatureĪccording to Islamic Medical Manuscripts at the National Library of Medicine first appearance of the Magic Square (known in Arabic as wafq) in Islamic literature occur in the Jabirean Corpus - a group of writings attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan (known in Europe as Geber), and generally thought to have been compiled at the end of the 9th or early 10th century A.D. Even so, this document contains examples and not explicit methods. Camman indeed claims that the two methods given by Moschopoulos for constructing odd magic squares were known to the Persians, citing an anonymous Persian manuscript (Garrett Collection no. Biggs, referring to a paper by Camman, suggests that the methods explained by Moschopoulos may have been of Persian origin and be linked to those expounded by al-Buni. In 1225, according to the above citation, Ahmed al-Buni showed how to construct Magic Squares using a simple bordering technique, but he may not have discovered the method himself. This article uses material from the Wikipedia articleĪnd is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. No general constructive methods appeared by that time. A list of squares of all orders from 3 to 9 is displayed in The Encyclopedia, compiled about 990 by a group of Arabic scholars known as the Ikhwan al-safa (English: brethren of purity). It is discussed by Thabit ibn Qurra, known for his formula for amicable numbers, in the early ninth. According to the on-line magazine Convergence, as cited in the article Magic Squares by Pat Ballew, the idea of the magic square was transmitted to the Arabs from the Chinese, probably through India, in the eighth century. It’s hard, perhaps impossible, to pinpoint the exact time and place in which the original concept of Sudoku (Japanese: 数独, sūdoku) began, but it seems to be related to the appearance of the first Magic Squares. Using pure logic and requiring no math to solve, these fascinating puzzles offer endless fun and intellectual entertainment to puzzle fans of all skills and ages. Sudoku are easy to learn yet highly addictive language-independent logic puzzles which have recently taken the whole world by storm. Sudoku history From ancient Magic Squares to the Rubik's Cube of the 21st century
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |